No country has formally recognized the Taliban government, though nations such as Pakistan, Qatar, China, and Russia maintain diplomatic channels. Humanitarian aid continues to flow into Afghanistan, but sanctions restrict development assistance, worsening the economic crisis. Neighboring countries are cautious—Pakistan faces increased militant activity along its border, while Iran has clashed with the Taliban over water rights and refugees.
The Taliban’s ability to contain extremist groups like ISIS-K is under scrutiny. Whether the Taliban can sustain authority without alienating large segments of the population. Their ability (or willingness) to meet conditions for recognition, such as respecting human rights. Managing tensions within their ranks between hardliners and those favoring pragmatic engagement with the world. Afghanistan’s younger population, exposed to two decades of relative freedoms, may increasingly challenge the Taliban’s authority.
