[custom_adv] Traditional singer Khatereh Parvaneh died at 78 at her home in Tehran on Wednesday morning. She had been bedridden for almost a year after she broke her leg. Parvaneh stated in her interview with Mehr News Agency in spring that she wished to give a concert along with other female singers this year to echo the message of desires for peace and friendship but she did not live long enough to fulfill her dream. [custom_adv] Khatereh Parvaneh was born in 1930 into an art appreciating family. Her father was a tailor and her mother was a singer from the Qajar era. When Khatereh was only 4, her mother died after suffering from tuberculosis. [custom_adv] Khatereh began her career with master musician Saba in 1957, and continued on to give concerts with masters Hassan Radmard, Hossein Dehlavi, Faramarz Payvar, and Ofelia Parto. She was collaborating with the Yaran band and entered the Fajr Music Festival several times. [custom_adv] The most important of these is text. Choruses are primarily singing words, and these words have a specific meaning which becomes married to the notes they are singing. Instrumental music has meaning too, but its meanings are less obvious without the words, so frequently meaning is imagined by and implanted into the music by the performer. [custom_adv] With singers, the meaning is literal, and undeniable. Conductors must understand the meaning of those words in order to understand and conduct the music properly. But more than just “meaning,” words have vowel sounds. And vowel sounds are the sounds that singers sing their notes to. [custom_adv] And each time a new vowel sound changes, so does the sound of the chorus. And those sounds change dramatically and constantly, much more dramatically than any instrument in the orchestra can. [custom_adv] Orchestra generally refers to any ensemble with sections of bowed string instruments. This can be further broken down into String Orchestra to include only the stringed instruments, and Symphony Orchestra incorporating winds and percussion. [custom_adv] Band, outside the idiom of folk and pop music, generally refers to an ensemble of wind instruments plus percussion section, with or without a string bass. Brass Bands are mostly popular in Europe, and contain the above without woodwind instruments. [custom_adv] For those ensembles that include woodwinds, there exist other terms of questionable interchangeability: Concert Band and Symphonic Band are generally used in school music programs with too many musicians for a single ensemble (Typically, the Symphonic Band is held to a higher level of performance than the Concert Band). [custom_adv] To attempt to draw some questionable generalization from this, I might say that the distinction between Band and Ensemble is that of number of players per part. This holds true to jazz in many educational situations: in a music program with more than one jazz group, the Jazz Band might have many musicians per part, while the Jazz Ensemble would be the auditioned, one-on-a-part ensemble. [custom_adv] In the orchestral situation, string instruments are always many-on-a-part for purposes of volume, and orchestral wind sections are almost always one-on-a-part. Of course, all of this is just an attempt to generalize tradition. Really, the only answer to your question is "because that's what they call themselves." [custom_adv] In symphonic situations. Philharmonics tend to be bigger, can sometimes incorporate keyboards (I think, piano and the like). Chamber Orchestras tend to be strings with keyboard often (which was usually a harpsichord so technically that would be a string instrument) often wind and sometimes brass. [custom_adv] At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Beethoven elevated the symphony from an everyday genre produced in large quantities to a supreme form in which composers strove to reach the highest potential of music in just a few works. [custom_adv] Beethoven began with two works directly emulating his models Mozart and Haydn, then seven more symphonies, starting with the Third Symphony (“Eroica”) that expanded the scope and ambition of the genre.
