A 2014 article on the MedlinePlus website notes that the benefits of a Mediterranean diet on arterial health. Adults who adopt a Mediterranean diet can cut their risk of heart attack and stroke by 30 percent over a five-year period, according to the article. Dr. Miguel Martinez-Gonzalez, a professor at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, told MedlinePlus that the benefits also extend to peripheral artery disease.