The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities and achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.
Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world’s first constitutionally socialist state. The day is often seen as a reflection of Russian values—strength, tradition, and cultural diversity. The colors of the national flag—white for nobility and honesty, blue for faith and loyalty, and red for courage and love—are prominently displayed during celebrations, reminding citizens of their shared history and collective aspirations.
