Several political, economic, and ideological factors contributed to the outbreak and continuation of the war. Under demanded political reforms. Dhofar suffered from inadequate infrastructure, limited educational facilities, and insufficient healthcare services. These conditions contributed to public dissatisfaction and strengthened support for the rebellion. During the late 1960s, the insurgency increasingly adopted socialist and Marxist ideas. Its leaders sought not only changes in Dhofar but also wider political transformation in the Arabian Peninsula.
The conflict became internationalized as outside powers supported opposing sides. South Yemen provided important assistance to the insurgents, while Britain and, later, Iran supported the Omani government. These external relationships increased the scale and duration of the conflict. Sultan Qaboos played a central role in changing the direction of the war. After assuming power in 1970, he pursued a different approach from that of his father, combining military operations with political reforms and economic development.
