Though Ashraf Pahlavi was not a formal ruler, she wielded significant de facto political power, particularly through her relationships with foreign dignitaries and intelligence circles. Often dubbed the “Black Panther” by her detractors due to her fierce demeanor and political style, she was unafraid to navigate the gritty realities of international diplomacy and covert operations. Her support for the Non-Aligned Movement was tempered by her strong anti-communist stance, aligning with U.S. interests during this turbulent period.
