Beyond politics, Ghaffari has been active in religious and educational institutions, serving as a cleric and an influential figure in establishment. Over the years, his political stance has evolved, and he has at times been critical of certain aspects of governance. One of the most controversial aspects of Ghaffari’s past is his alleged involvement in the execution of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, the last prime minister under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Some reports claim that Ghaffari personally shot Hoveyda after his trial by the Islamic Revolutionary Court, but this remains a topic of debate, with conflicting accounts on the matter.
