His two careers, diplomatic and literary, are inextricably linked since he used his writings as a tool of diplomacy and drew on his poetic skills to express himself to great effect at meetings of the various high international bodies, on which he came to serve, while, on the other hand, his literary work was informed by his own professional experience. In this regard, his Memoirs, khaterat-e Prens Arfa‘, are a case in point.
