Under the reign underwent significant modernization, reflecting the ruler’s vision for a more advanced and organized capital. Inspired by his travels to Europe, he initiated numerous projects that not only expanded physical boundaries but also improved its infrastructure and quality of life. One of the most notable advancements was the introduction of a horse-drawn tram system. In 1898, a contract with a Belgian company led to the construction of tram lines connecting key streets such as Cheragh Gaz (later Electric Light, now Amir Kabir), Lalehzar, Nasser Khosrow, and Topkhaneh Square.
