The Qajar Lady Behind the Legacy

There’s no detailed public record of her formal education, but women of her social class in that era sometimes had private tutors or home schooling, or at least a certain literacy and cultural education. Even if not highly educated in the western sense, she probably had exposure to multiple languages, poetry, religious education, and court/cultural manners. After Habibollah Hoveyda died, the family reportedly had to rent out rooms to students to maintain finances.

If that is correct (some sources mention this re: Hoveyda’s childhood) then Afsar-al-Moluk would have had to manage those financial difficulties, deal with social standing changes, and maintain dignity under pressure. Such experiences often shape a person’s resilience, priorities, and the emotional imprint on children. Some accounts say she was devout (Shiʿite) and that this religious identity played a part in their home environment. If so, religious observance, moral instruction, perhaps a sense of service or public duty would have been instilled.

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